Cytology / Cell Biology - Comprehensive Competitive Exam Questions

 
Cytology / Cell Biology - Comprehensive Competitive Exam Questions

1. Question: Which Greek word forms the basis of "Cytology" and what does it mean? A) Kytos - Study B) Logos - Cell C) Kytos - Cell D) Logos - Study

2. Question: What is considered the basic unit of life? A) Tissue B) Organ C) Cell D) System

3. Question: Cell is the basic unit of life in terms of: A) Only Structural B) Only Functional C) Both Structural and Functional D) Neither Structural nor Functional

4. Question: Who discovered the cell? A) Robert Brown B) Robert Hooke C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek D) Matthias Schleiden

5. Question: In which year was the cell discovered? A) 1831 B) 1665 C) 1900 D) 1750

6. Question: Who discovered the Nucleus? A) Robert Hooke B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek C) Robert Brown D) Theodor Schwann

7. Question: In which year was the Nucleus discovered? A) 1665 B) 1831 C) 1931 D) 1765

8. Question: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common shape of a cell? A) Elliptical B) Spherical C) Cuboidal D) Spindle

9. Question: An elongated cell is often associated with which type of cell? A) Muscle cell B) Blood cell C) Nerve cell D) Bone cell

From Page 2 (Types of Cell & Sizes):

10. Question: What are the two main types of cells mentioned? A) Plant and Animal cells B) Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells C) Red blood cells and White blood cells D) Somatic and Germ cells

11. Question: Which of the following is an example of a Prokaryotic cell? A) Neuron B) Ovum C) P.P.L.O. D) Sperm

12. Question: Which organism is often referred to as P.P.L.O. or "Pleuro pneumonia-like organism"? A) Ostrich B) Neuron C) Mycoplasma D) Ramie

13. Question: What is another name given to P.P.L.O. due to its versatile nature? A) Master cell B) Joker of cell biology/microbiology C) King of cells D) Primitive cell

14. Question: Which cell is known as the smallest cell? A) Sperm B) Ovum C) P.P.L.O. D) Nerve cell

15. Question: Which organism possesses the largest cell? A) Human B) Ostrich C) Elephant D) Whale

16. Question: What is the largest cell in the world? A) Human Ovum B) Ostrich egg C) Human Neuron D) Fibre of Ramie

17. Question: Where is the largest cell (Ostrich egg) primarily found? A) Asia B) Europe C) America D) Africa

18. Question: What is the smallest human cell? A) Ovum B) Sperm C) Neuron D) Red Blood Cell

19. Question: Which of the following is the largest human cell? A) Sperm B) Neuron C) Ovum D) P.P.L.O.

20. Question: The human Ovum is described as: A) Smallest human cell B) Longest human cell C) Largest human cell D) Shortest human cell

21. Question: What is the longest human cell? A) Sperm B) Ovum C) Neuron D) White Blood Cell

22. Question: Which cell is described as 'longest' among human cells? A) Spermatocyte B) Ovum C) Neuron D) Erythrocyte

23. Question: Which plant possesses the longest cell? A) Banyan B) Cotton C) Ramie D) Jute

24. Question: How can the total number of cells in a human body be estimated? A) Weight in kg multiplied by 1012 cells B) Weight in kg multiplied by $10^{15}$ cells C) Height in cm multiplied by 1010 cells D) Volume in liters multiplied by 1013 cells

From Page 3 (Plant vs. Animal Cell Differences):

25. Question: Which of the following structures is present in a plant cell but absent in an animal cell? A) Cell membrane B) Nucleus C) Mitochondria D) Cell wall

26. Question: What is the primary reserve food material in plant cells? A) Glycogen B) Glucose C) Starch D) Protein

27. Question: In animal cells, what is the main reserve food material? A) Starch B) Cellulose C) Glycogen D) Fats

28. Question: Which organelle is typically present in plant cells for processes like photosynthesis but absent in animal cells? A) Mitochondria B) Ribosomes C) Plastid D) Endoplasmic Reticulum

29. Question: Where is food primarily stored in a plant cell according to the notes? A) In the nucleus B) As glycogen C) As starch (in plastids) D) In the vacuoles

30. Question: In animal cells, where is glycogen primarily stored? A) In the cell wall B) In the plastids C) In the liver and muscles D) In the nucleus

31. Question: When comparing typical plant and animal cells, which statement about cell size is generally true? A) Plant cells are usually smaller than animal cells. B) Animal cells are usually larger than plant cells. C) Plant cells are usually larger than animal cells. D) Both are generally of the same size.

32. Question: Which of these characteristics is true for Vacuoles in a plant cell? A) They are absent. B) They are small and numerous. C) They are well-developed. D) They are for reserve food storage only.

33. Question: How are Vacuoles typically described in an animal cell? A) Well-developed B) Absent C) Larger in size D) Present

34. Question: What is another common name for Lysosomes? A) Powerhouse of the cell B) Protein factory C) Suicide bag D) Control center

35. Question: Based on the provided notes, which statement is true regarding Lysosomes? A) They are present in both plant and animal cells. B) They are absent in plant cells but present in animal cells. C) They are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells. D) They are absent in both plant and animal cells.

36. Question: What is stated about the presence of Chromosomes in plant cells? A) They are always present. B) They are absent. (Note: This is based strictly on the provided handwritten note, which states "Absent" under "Plant cell" for "Chromosome". In reality, chromosomes are present in plant cells.) C) They are present only during cell division. D) Their presence varies.

From Page 4 (Mitochondria, Lysosomes, Nucleus):

37. Question: Which cell organelle is commonly known as the "Powerhouse of the cell"? A) Lysosomes B) Nucleus C) Mitochondria D) Ribosomes

38. Question: In which form is energy primarily stored within the Mitochondria? A) ADP B) Glucose C) ATP D) NADH

39. Question: What does ATP stand for, as mentioned in the notes? A) Adenosine Triphosphate B) Adrenaline Triphosphate C) Adenosine Diphosphate D) Activated Transport Protein

40. Question: ATP is often referred to as the: A) Energy source B) Energy carrier C) Energy currency D) Energy producer

41. Question: Which cell organelle is called the "Suicide Bag" of the cell? A) Mitochondria B) Nucleus C) Lysosomes D) Vacuoles

42. Question: Why are Lysosomes often called "Suicide Bags"? A) They produce harmful chemicals. B) They can digest their own cell. C) They stop cellular activities. D) They absorb toxins from the cell.

43. Question: Which cell organelle is considered the "Control Center of the cell"? A) Mitochondria B) Lysosomes C) Nucleus D) Endoplasmic Reticulum

44. Question: The Nucleus controls the cell's metabolic activities and is also known as the: A) Powerhouse of the cell B) Suicide bag C) Brain of the cell D) Energy currency

45. Question: Who discovered the Nucleus? A) Robert Hooke B) Robert Brown C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek D) Matthias Schleiden

46. Question: In which year was the Nucleus discovered? A) 1665 B) 1750 C) 1831 D) 1900

47. Question: Which of the following is listed as a component found inside the Nucleus? A) Cell wall B) Plastids C) Nuclear membrane D) Vacuoles

48. Question: What are the two main components of Chromatin mentioned in the notes? A) Protein and Lipids B) DNA and RNA C) Carbohydrates and Proteins D) Fats and Vitamins

From Page 5 (Nucleolus & Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Differences):

49. Question: Which cell organelle is known as "Cell wall" according to the notes (though the context suggests "Nucleolus")? A) Mitochondria B) Nucleus C) Nucleolus D) Lysosome

50. Question: Who is credited with the discovery of the Nucleolus according to the notes? A) Robert Hooke B) Robert Brown C) P. Fontana D) Rudolf Virchow

51. Question: Prokaryotic cells are primarily represented by which type of organism in the notes? A) Plants B) Animals C) Fungi D) Bacteria

52. Question: In Prokaryotic cells, which statement is true regarding the Nucleus? A) It is well-developed. B) It is present. C) It is absent. D) It contains a nuclear membrane.

53. Question: What is the status of the Nucleus in Eukaryotic cells? A) Absent B) Partially developed C) Present D) Undefined

54. Question: How is DNA described in Prokaryotic cells? A) Absent B) Developed C) Naked D) Enclosed in a nucleus

55. Question: In Eukaryotic cells, how is DNA characterized? A) Naked B) Absent C) Present and Developed D) Only present in circular form

56. Question: What is stated about the development of Chromosomes in Prokaryotic cells? A) They are well-developed. B) They are highly complex. C) They are not developed. D) They are absent.

57. Question: How are Chromosomes described in Eukaryotic cells? A) Not developed B) Absent C) Developed D) Naked

58. Question: What is the typical mode of cell division in Prokaryotic cells? A) Mitosis B) Meiosis C) Amitosis D) Budding

59. Question: Eukaryotic cells typically undergo which types of cell division? A) Only Amitosis B) Only Mitosis C) Mitosis or Meiosis D) Fragmentation

From Page 6 (Types of Human Cell):

60. Question: According to general biological classifications, approximately how many types of cells are found in the human body? A) Around 100 types B) Around 150 types C) Around 200 types D) Around 260 types